The Scientific Method vs. The Engineering Design Process
The scientific method and the engineering design process are both systematic frameworks for problem solving. But while they share some commonalities, there are also key differences between these two critical thinking approaches.
Shared Traits
There are certain overlaps that both the scientific method and engineering design process possess.
- Research is conducted in the early stages of each workflow to gather relevant background information. Background research provides context and data to inform hypotheses and potential solutions.
- Both the scientific method and engineering design process involve iterative refinement. Scientific hypotheses are tweaked based on insights gained from experiment outcomes. Similarly, engineering prototypes and solutions are progressively improved through performance testing and analysis.
- Experimentation and testing are used to validate hypotheses and solutions through tangible results. Controlled experiments are leveraged in science, while prototype iterations are tested by engineers.
Contrasting Goals
While on the surface these two processes may seem similar, their intended purposes have fundamental differences.
The scientific method is focused on building knowledge and furthering understanding about the natural world. Experiments aim to uncover universal scientific truths and phenomena. In contrast, the engineering design process is solution-driven, with the goal of addressing real-world problems through innovative products or systems. Engineering strives to optimize designs to meet requirements rather than reveal absolute truths.
Distinctions in Process Steps
The distinct objectives of each approach manifest in divergences within the process workflow.
In the scientific method, hypotheses are formed based on observations and deductions. Extensive controlled experimentation is then conducted to determine if predictions are accurate. In engineering, the emphasis is on developing solutions, not hypotheses. Brainstorming is used to generate design ideas before prototyping the most promising solution.
While both processes are nonlinear and iterative, engineering explicitly includes building, testing, and refining prototypes. In pure science, ideas are evaluated indirectly through experiments rather than physical implementation.
Complementary Problem-Solving Approaches
The scientific method and the engineering design process offer complementary lenses through which complex problems can be tackled. While their end goals differ, synergies exist between science and engineering thinking. A thoughtful understanding of how these two problem-solving frameworks converge and diverge is key for those looking to leverage them effectively
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